In evaluating the impacts of increased industrialization on small rural communities, some factors to consider are: how much employment and income will go to local people; will industry alleviate poverty; how will income benefits be distributed; and how will industry change community values, local politics and volunteer organizations, local government, school districts, and population. Effects of industry vary according to type of industry, extent to which it depends on local sources for materials and services, labor requirements, and company attitude toward the community. Main conclusions are (1) jobs created that will be filled by local people will not greatly exceed total number of direct plant jobs; (2) relatively few people escape poverty as a direct or immediate result of new industry; (3) increased tax base is not likely to offset additional public service costs if industrial property is tax exempt; (4) large companies headquartered elsewhere may mean less local control by local people; (5) population will probably expand, resulting in greater need for improved public services and greater dependence on wage and salary work; and (6) depending on community and industry structure, a community's social structure will be changed--more impersonal, less family and neighborhood-oriented life style. (RS)