ERIC Number: ED064406
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1972
Pages: 9
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A Pragmatic Approach to Criterion-Referenced Measures.
Ivens, Stephen H.
A discussion of criterion-referenced measures is presented. Two characteristics define the criterion-referenced measure: the presence of a performance criterion, and test items keyed to a set of behavioral objectives. The performance criterion, in an educational setting, is usually a relative standard of performance. There are two ways of constructing items for a criterion-referenced test: the item-form approach and the specification of objectives. Item reliability can be assessed by calculating the proportion of subjects whose items scores (pass or fail) are the same on a posttest and a retest, or on a posttest and a parallel form. A measure of score reliability can be obtained by calculating the mean item reliability; it may also be assessed using the concept of within-subject equivalence of total scores. Another index that can be used to assess item and test quality combines the concepts of reliability and validity. The most important part of a criterion-referenced measure is the set of behavioral objectives the measure is based on. These objectives set the stage for judging the effectiveness of the teacher's instruction, and evaluating the student's learning. (CK)
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Note: Paper presented at a symposium at a joint session of the annual meetings of the AERA and the National Council on Measurement in Education (Chicago, Ill., April 1972)