This report is the result of a seven-month Urban Institute analysis of ESEA Title I evaluation and technical assistance problems and prospects. The focus of the study was on improvement of Federal and State evaluation and technical assistance related to education of disadvantaged children. During the study, site visits were made to five representative State Departments of Education. Chapter 1 is an overview of the major findings, conclusions, and recommendations of this report. The next three chapters are concerned with evaluation of education programs for disadvantaged children. Chapter 2 is a discussion of Federal Title I evaluation: priorities, present status, next steps. Chapter 3 focuses on State evaluation, and Chapter 4, on local evaluation. Chapter 5 examines the implication of existing methodology for evaluation of the Title I program and discusses requirements for further instrument development. Chapter 6 provides an overview of technical assistance for programs for disadvantaged children; Chapter 7, Federal technical assistance; Chapter 8, State technical assistance efforts; and, Chapter 9, the local role in technical assistance to education programs for disadvantaged children. (Author/JM)