This report summarizes the results of the National Science Foundation's survey of scientific activities of independent nonprofit organizations in 1966. Information is included on expenditures for research, development, and scientific and technical information activities and on the employment of scientific personnel associated with these activities. Major findings include the following: (1) In January 1967, the full-time-equivalent (FTE) number of R & D scientists and engineers employed by independent nonprofit institutions totaled 24,300, compared with 5,300 in January 1954; (2) Federal expenditures for research and development contracted to nonprofit institutions reached $540 million in 1966, nine times the $60 million reported for 1953; and (3) In 1966, nonprofit institutions with $1 million or more in R & D performance accounted for 83% of total nonprofit R & D expenditures, received 88% of Federal expenditures for R & D projects contracted to nonprofit institutions, and employed 80% of the FTE number of R & D scientists and engineers. Appendices include statistical tables, technical notes, and the questionnaires including the cover letter and instructions. (Author/PR)