The instructional process has four major components: stimulation, orientation, transformation, and instrumental activity. Concerning stimulation, the instructor should highlight either the novelty or the complexity of the learning materials. Varying such factors as teaching style and mode of presentation, duration of instruction, and the learner's physical position will maintain or heighten attention. Concerning orientation, the best way to get a student to master the lesson is to ask questions shortly after the material has been presented. More research needs to be done on the value of the classroom assignment. Three types of transformation, from elementary to sophisticated, let the student internalize the lesson. These types of transformation allow measurement and isolation of variables which can be used according to the objectives of the materials. Although more research on the subject is needed, preliminary studies show that two types of instrumental activity--note-taking and verbalization--are helpful in fostering learning. (JK)