This paper reports a short term intervention in the area of "need to achieve" among disadvantaged preschoolers. Changes in measured intelligence were also examined. The study hypothesized that children receiving need for achievement ("n"-Ach) training would score higher on intelligence tests and evidence more of an increase in need for achievement, as measured by the Aronson Graphic Expressions, than children not receiving such training. The 84 black subjects, 46 boys and 38 girls, were divided into two "n"-Ach training groups and two control groups. All subjects were pretested with the Aronson Graphic Expressions design. "N"-Ach treatment for the experimental groups consisted of one hour of training each morning on Head Start school days for three months. The tasks of the trainer were: (1) training in goal setting; (2) development of achievement language ("I will try harder,""I did it"); (3) development of cognitive supports; and (4) development of group supports. Posttests given were the Standford Binet and Aronson Graphic Expressions. The tested IQ change occurred in the predicted direction but was not significant and there were no significant differences between the two groups in "n"-Ach. The mothers of the children tested were also subjects in a separate "n"-Ach training program. [Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original document.] (AJ)