The purpose of this curricular unit intended for use at the secondary level is to provide an explanation for racial polarization by reviewing some of the violent developments in 20th century America as they affected Blacks. Main points and concepts are outlined for the teacher, beginning with a consideration of the hopes of Blacks during the elction of Woodrow Wilson, then moving to a discussion of the consequences for Blacks of World War I and their postwar fight for a reaffirmation of their own dignity here in America. An analysis of the financed hate organizations of the 1930's begins with a study of the Ku Klux Klan phenomenon, and its relationship to American institutions. Consideration is given to the Communist Party's attempt and eventual failure to formulate a policy for the Blacks. Selected readings are detailed at the end of each topical section, and discussion/essay questions are appended covering the entire unit. See SO 000 351 and SO 000 354 for related documents. (JLB)