This study surveyed experiences and characteristics of hard core unemployed black men entering a vestibule training program conducted by a large manufacturing firm; and a comparison group of "direct hires." Vestibule trainees were guaranteed an entry level job after completing several weeks of training. Turnover among direct hires was attributed largely to monotonous, physically exhausting, or dangerous working conditions reported; but several personal characteristics (being young and unmarried, poor job history, not having to pay most of one's household bills and darker skin) were also relevant. Training program turnover was related to trainee attitudes toward the scheduling of training sessions; it was highest among darker skinned trainees with militant racial attitudes. Although training may have changed attitudes (especially toward time, work, and personal sense of achievement), it had no discernible effect on job skill development or subsequent turnover. Emphasis was urged on improving working conditions on industrial entry level jobs rather than training men to adapt to unpleasant, high turnover jobs. (The document includes questionnaires, 54 tables and figures, and items used in statistical comparisons.) (LY)