This workshop was planned to review the findings of a study on manpower utilization of professional (M.S.W. degree) and nonprofessional social work personnel in mental hospitals and to determine their application to the demands of a changing mental health program. A literature search and questionnaire survey were used to investigate the proportion of professional personnel among social work staff in state hospitals; social work directors' attitudes on how their personnel are used; relationships between attitudes and actual utilization; directors' perceptions of the roles of their personnel in state mental hospitals, and the degree to which the roles are fulfilled; differences between M.S.W. and non M.S.W. workers as to amounts of supervision, consultation, and inservice education received; and ways of using non M.S.W. personnel to relieve M.S.W. shortages while increasing the quantity and quality of social work services. Implications for undergraduate, graduate, and professional continuing education, and for personnel policy, were suggested. (LY)