This paper is intended to provide both a framework and a rationale for consideration of the problem of school district reorganization. The problems involved in determining optimum school district size are discussed and characteristics of inadequate districts are studied. Five criteria of optimum size are described, including (1) scope of program, (2) range of educational services, (3) the community, (4) administrative and instructional staff, and (5) the economic base. Trends in district reorganization, especially decentralization and community control, are discussed and a table is included that summarizes, from research literature, recommendations for optimum size. The conclusion of the report is that size must be viewed as a variable and not as an absolute factor. Situational variables are strong and may profoundly influence the size-quality relationship in a district. (Author/MF)