The purpose of this survey was to investigate the nature and extent of the problem of second language learning as a factor in national development in countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This document is based on the findings of the survey but includes some information not covered in the survey and represents essentially the reaction of half a dozen specialists to some of the problems dealt with in the survey. Essays included are: (1) "Background to Second Language Problems," Charles A. Ferguson; (2) "The Language Factor in National Development," Ferguson; (3) "An Outline of Linguistic Typology for Describing Multilingualism," William A. Stewart; (4) "Mexican and Guatemalan Bilingualism," A. Richard Diebold, Jr.; (5) "Creole Languages in the Caribbean," Stewart; (6)"Lingua Francas, With Special Reference to Africa," William J. Samarin; (7) "Language Situation in East Africa," Ruth E. Sutherlin; (8) "Language Problems in the Rural Development of North India," John J. Gumperz; (9) "Language Standardization," Punya Sloka Ray; and (10) "Sociocultural Change and Communication Problems," Janet Roberts. (DO)