A New Careers demonstration project (to develop nonprofessional or aide jobs for 150 underprivileged Negro youth in the health, education, and welfare complex in Washington, D.C.) was examined to observe the reaction of professionals who deliver human and social services when indigenous nonprofessionals are employed to work with them. Issues and related questions emerging from this experience are examined in terms of the implications for the delivery of social services. It was expected that nonprofessionals would further professional effectiveness by freeing the professionals to perform those tasks which require a high degree of skill and by improving service accessibility through their link with an alienated population. In most cases supervisory and inservice training needs of the nonprofessional enveloped most of the professional time and energy that might have been utilized in giving increased service. Three central dilemmas relative to the professional role will require more intensive study: (1) dual demand on the professional to deliver more high-quality service and simultaneously become skilled in the art of supervising the nonprofessional; (2) formulation of inservice training policy that arises from the needs of indigenous workers for intensive training and the needs of professionals for retaining; (3) maintenance and/or enhancement of quality of service and also response to the ever-increasing demand for social coverage. (JS)