This monograph examines the developments which have influenced the United States Employment Service during the 30 years of its history, since the Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933. The major social and economic developments, the enabling legislation, and the issues and problems regarding the proper role of that service are discussed. Some of the historical roots of employment service concepts are traced as far back as 1834. The various services available through the Employment Service such as placement counseling, labor market information and research, industrial services, training, and others are described and the rationale for their existence is presented. Some of the problems and issues analyzed are: (1) for whom is the Employment Service intended, (2) relationships with colleges and universities, (3) relationships with private employment agencies, and (4) federalization versus federal-state system. A variety of proposals for strengthening and improvement are presented along with a critical discussion of the proposals. Seven specific suggestions for improvement are advanced in the areas of: federal leadership, finance, evaluation, personnel, local office operations, community support, and research. Tables and organization charts are included. (ET)