First grade students from families with common ethnic, social, and economic characteristics were studied to determine the effects of parent participation in the Adult Basic Education (ABE) Program on the attendance and achievement of the children. The experimental group was composed of 160 children from low income, Spanish-speaking families in which at least one parent had participated in the ABE program conducted by the Brownsville Consolidated Independent School District. A control group of 160 children was selected from families in which neither parent had participated in the ABE program. Findings of the study were that the attendance rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group during the 1967-68 school year, and the experimental group attained a higher average score on a standard achievement test than did the control group. Results of a limited supplementary investigation indicated that the ABE program may have a beneficial effect on job performance and social, civic, and economic activities of participants. (JH)