Evaluation is the process of determining the extent to which specified objectives have been reached. As a professional tool, it is used to (1) appraise the achievements of individual students; (2) diagnose the learning problems of an individual student or class in order to devise future teaching strategies; and (3) appraise the effectiveness of curricula, courses, instructional materials, and administrative and organizational structures. Product evaluation, measurement of the performance of students, holds the greatest promise for helping to improve the overall educational program. Steps in product evaluation include (1) definition of educational objectives to be achieved, (2) translation of the goals into descriptions of behavior, (3) identification of situations in which the behavior can be observed, (4) development of some measurement device, (5) application of the evaluation device to the educational program, (6) analysis of evidence obtained, and (7) statement of conclusions. Once evaluation has been expanded into performance terms, difficult tasks of data collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation arise. A bibliography listing 87 books, pamphlets, and articles is included to assist in further study of evaluation. (TT)