This report describes the findings of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights hearings in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1968. A comparison with the report of the 1958 hearings in the same city is made throughout the document. It is noted that there has been minimal, if any, improvement in the discrimination against the black people of Alabama in the past decade. The testimony at the hearings dealt with the cycle of poverty, infant starvation and child health problems, segregated education, agriculture, a Negro-owned farmers cooperative, and employment and unemployment. Also included are findings about noncompliance with Federal anti-discrimination statutes, the public welfare situation, and racism. (NH)