After a review of the literature suggested that public health services are generally less prevalent among rural than among urban residents, the following null hypothesis was developed: There is no significant difference in the specified health and welfare services between certain predetermined rural and urban areas. The geographical areas selected were 8 rural and 10 urban counties in Michigan, with counties having more than 20% agricultural employment being considered rural, and those with less than 5% agricultural employment being considered urban. Six comparisons of services were made for general public welfare and assistance, and 5 comparisons were made for public mental health. Data were for the period July, 1963, through June, 1964. A "t" test was used as the basis for accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis for each category of comparison. Conclusions of the study indicated that for the public welfare categories, 4 of 6 categories were significantly higher for rural counties. For the public health categories, no significant differences in services to rural and urban residents were revealed. (VM)