Addressing itself to factors leading to the misdiagnosis of the brain damaged child and the aphasic child, the Pathway School's Second Annual Institute considered the differences between the following: the aphasic and the aphasoid child; the sensory aphasic and the deaf child; the psychotic and the psychotic aphasic child; childhood brain damage and psychogenic learning disability; brain damage and mental subnormality; active intracranial pathology and conversion hysteria; and perinatal and ongoing brain damage. Papers presented are Lillian F. Wilson's "Assessment of Congenial Aphasia" and Sheldon R. Rappaport's "Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis." Panel discussions and question-answer periods on aphasia and brain damage are transcribed; conclusions are reported; a 53-item bibliography is provided. The 10 case histories which served as discussion subjects for the institute are given. (EB)