THIS REPORT SETS FORTH PRACTICAL GUIDES IN SELECTION, COUNSELING, TRAINING, AND PLACEMENT OF THE MENTALLY RETARDED. PARTICIPANTS (LISTED) ARE PROFESSIONAL WORKERS IN MENTAL RETARDATION AND VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION. THE CONCEPT OF MENTAL RETARDATION, ITS CAUSES, AND ISSUES ABOUT PREVALENCE ARE PRESENTED. SELECTION AND EVALUATION OF CLIENTS IS DETERMINED WITH THE AID OF CLIENT HISTORY, DIRECT OBSERVATION OF CLIENT, AND REPORTS FROM OTHER PROFESSIONAL PERSONS. THE CASE FORMULATION OF WORK DIAGNOSIS IS THEN MADE AND FOLLOWED BY A VALIDATION OF THIS TENTATIVE EVALUATION THROUGH OBSERVATION OF THE CLIENT. OBJECTIVES OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION WITH THE RETARDED, PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPING THEIR OCCUPATION SKILLS, AND THE AVAILABLE TRAINING TECHNIQUES AND RESOURCES ARE DISCUSSED. THE ROLE OF THE COUNSELOR IN COUNSELING THE CLIENT, HIS FAMILY, AND THE COMMUNITY IS PRESENTED. THE MENTALLY RETARDED NEED REHABILITATIVE SERVICES EXTENDING BEYOND PLACEMENT. AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS 45 ITEMS. FREE COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE AVAILABLE FROM U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION ADMINISTRATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. (MY)